G14-07 形容詞子句進階篇(IV): 複合關係代名詞 whoever, what, whatever等
文章編號:G14-07
繼《G14-06形容詞子句進階篇(III): 關係副詞where, when, why, how》聊關係副詞之後,這一篇文章要來聊聊形容詞子句文法裡面另一個很多英文考題解答本都喜歡提到的專有名詞:複合關係代名詞。跟關代有什麼不一樣呢?其實它就是等於「先行詞 + 關代」。這道理想通,後面內容就融會貫通了唷~
而根據先行詞的意思不同,可以分三款:
一、 先行詞表人
1. whoever = anyone who/that
2. whomever = anyone whom/that
3. whosever = anyone whose
當先行詞是anyone(任何人)時,
後面如果接主格型關代who/that, 就合起來變成whoever.
後面如果接受格型關代whom/that, 合起來變成whomever.
如果後面接所有格型關代whose,湊起來變whosever. (提醒:這字其實不常見,考題刁鑽時才會出現吧:P)
至於如何判斷先行詞為人的情況下的主格、 受格或所有格關代呢?
可以回到基本篇文章《G14-01形容詞子句基礎篇(I):形容詞子句是什麼? 教你先行詞為人,且為主格型關代的形容詞子句運用!》/ 《G14-02形容詞子句基礎篇(II): 先行詞為人,關代為受格或所有格時的形容子句應用》溫習一下概念~
來個例句熟悉一下這三個複合關係代名詞(形容詞子句所在處用紅色括弧表示)
E.g.1: A truly successful man shares what he has with whoever works for him.
= A truly successful man shares what he has with anyone (who/that works for him).
「真正成功的人會跟任何為他工作的人分享他有的東西。
E.g.2: I gave the gifts to whomever I liked.
=I gave the gifts to anyone (whom/that I liked).
「我把這些禮物給了任何我喜歡的人。」
E.g.3: Return the dictionary to whosever name is on it.
= Return the dictionary to anyone (whose name is on it).
「把這字典還給任何一個其名字在上面的人。」
補充說明:whoever也可以當疑問詞用,擺在句首做問句,表達驚訝之意 |
二、 先行詞表物:(形容詞子句所在處用紅色括弧表示)
1. what = the thing which/that = all which/that
當先行詞是指the thing(某東西)或all(所有東西)這類的字,意思不是很明確,但確定是指物時,就可以和後面的關代which或that,合起來變成一個複合關係代名詞what.
E.g.: Never put off what you can do today until tomorrow.
= Never put off the thing (which/that you can do today) until tomorrow.
= Never put off all (which/that you can do today) until tomorrow.
「今日事今日畢」
補充說明:what you can do today這語塊除了用上述「先行詞+形容詞子句」的角度去解釋它,也可以用名詞子句「疑問詞+S + V」的角度去解釋(詳見《G13-04英文老師詳解第三款名詞子句疑問詞子句用法》說明) |
2. whatever = anything which/that
當先行詞是anything(任何東西),可以和後面的關代which或that合起來,變成複合關係代名詞whatever.
E.g.: Help yourself to whatever you want.
= Help yourself to anything (which/that you want).
「請自行取用任何你想要的東西。」
另外,whatever除了如上述所說當個名詞用外(複合關係代名詞是一種名詞),也可以後面接名詞,它自己當形容詞用。
換句話說:whatever + N= any + N which/that
E.g.:I am willing to pay whatever price you ask.
= I am willing to pay any price (which/that you ask).
「我願意付任何你出的價。」
補充說明:whatever也可以用來帶領一個副詞子句,這時候它詞性上會變成從屬連接詞(詳見G15-04 表達讓步與對比的副詞子句,完整解析與例句一次看! 文章中的「表讓步之副詞子句#4」) |
三、 先行詞有特定範圍,可以指人,也可以指物
whichever = any one which/that
前文有先說明或者是該句話背後有假設某特定範圍內的人或物,而先行詞為any one(任何一個(人或物)),加上後面的關代which或that, 就可以湊成一個複合關係代名詞whichever.
E.g.1: There are seven houses for sale. You can buy whichever you like.
=There are seven houses for sale. You can buy any one (which/that you like).
「有七間房子代售。你可以買任何一個你喜歡的。」
另外,whichever 除了如上述所說當個名詞用外(複合關係代名詞是一種名詞),也可以後面接名詞,它自己當形容詞用。
換句話說:whichever + N = any + N which/that
E.g.1: Some customers tend to pick up whichever product is the cheapest.
= Some customers tend to pick up any product (which/that is the cheapest).
「有些顧客傾向於挑選任何最便宜的商品。」
E.g.2: You can pay it in whichever way you like: in cash or by credit card.
= You can pay it in any way (which/that you like): in cash or by credit card.
「你可以用任何你喜歡的方式去支付:用現金或信用卡。」
複合關係代名詞總結
本文總共囊括了6個複合關係代名詞,相信都搞懂之後,以後遇到這類考題就無往不利囉~我們用總表來複習一下:
先行詞為人:
|
先行詞為物:
|
先行詞有特定範圍,可以是人或物: whichever = any one which/that * whichever + N = any + N which/that |