G15-04 表達讓步與對比的副詞子句，完整解析與例句一次看！
文章編號：G15-04
G15-02【副詞子句】表達時間的副詞子句怎麼用？用法例句全解析談表「時間」的副詞子句談表時間的副詞子句，G15-03【副詞子句】 三分鐘學會表達原因的副詞子句談表「原因」，而本文就聚焦在另外兩類的副詞子句：表「讓步」跟表「對比」．趕快來認識這兩類副詞子句所使用的從屬連接詞吧～
表達讓步的副詞子句
表達讓步的副詞子句#1
although = though = even though 「即使、 雖然」 (不可和but連用！)
E.g.1: Although/Though/Even though the cost is getting high, but my boss has decided not to raise the price.
「即使成本變高，但我老闆還是決定不漲價．」
E.g.2: Even though he hardly ever works as hard as any of his siblings, but he enjoys all the benefits as a member of the richest family in the country. (政大111年英文C)
「雖然他幾乎沒有像他的兄弟姐妹一樣努力工作，但卻享有這國家最富有家族成員所有的好處．」
|
補充1：even though常會和even if搞混，兩者都有表達「即使、 就算、 儘管、 雖然」之意，但even though ＋大家公認的既定事實，而even if＋假設的情況．
E.g.1: Even if you are very rich, you don’t have to give them money whenever they ask for it.
「即使你很有錢，也不用每次他們要就要給他們錢．」
（表示對方實際上沒有很有錢，只是假設）
E.g.2: Procrastination is an urge many of us give in to even when the stakes are high. That is, even if we know there will be a high price to pay, we still put off doing things. (政大111年英文B)
「因循怠惰是我們很多人即使代價高也會屈從的慾望．也就是說，即使我們知道要付出高代價，我們還是會拖延該做的事情．」
（表示我們很多人應該不知道要付出高代價，但假設知道的話還是會因循怠惰）
|
|
補充2: although/ though/ even though這類從屬連接詞開頭的副詞子句，可以用介系詞despite或介系詞片語in spite of改寫，但用法差異如下：
|
although/ though/ even though + S + V (帶領一個副詞子句)
= despite + N (後面接名詞類的單字或片語）
= in spite of + N
|
E.g.1: Although he is very wealthy, he is not healthy.
= Despite/In spite of his wealth, he is not healthy.
「儘管他很有錢，但他不健康．」
E.g.2: Although he was poor, he was happy.
= Despite/In spite of his poverty, he was happy.
「儘管他很窮，但他很幸福．」
|
表達讓步的副詞子句#2 as 「雖然」
此時的as有固定用法唷～要先動詞/形容詞或副詞開頭，再加上as及該副詞子句的主詞跟動詞．如果是名詞開頭，不定冠詞的a/an要省略．
|
V.
A/An N
adj. + as + S + V,...
adv.
|
E.g.1: Try as you may/might/will/would, it’s impossible to find a solution to the problem. （動詞try開頭）
「雖然你努力去做，但找到這問題的解法是不可能的．」（其副詞子句裡的動詞常用may/ might/ will/ would這四個助動詞）
E.g.2: A Nice girl as Sandy is, we don't like her. （名詞a nice girl開頭，但a被去掉了）
「雖然Sandy是好女生，但我們不喜歡她．」
E.g.3: Young as the boy was, he did his job very carefully. （形容詞young開頭）
「雖然這小男孩年輕，他工作做得很細心．」
E.g.4: Very much as I thank John for saving my life, I wouldn’t let him take advantage of me. （副詞very much開頭）
「雖然我很謝謝約翰救了我的命，但我不會讓他利用我．」
表達讓步的副詞子句#3 whether (…) (or not)「不論」
E.g.1: Whether you like it (or not), you just have to accept it.
「不論你喜不喜歡，就是得接受它．」
|
提醒：whether + S + V也有可能是名詞子句唷(詳見G13-03英文老師詳解第二款名詞子句 whether/ if 子句用法)，意思變成「是否」如以下例句：
E.g.: You need to tell me whether you like it or not.「你得告訴我你是否喜歡它．」
那你會問：我怎麼知道這個whether出現在句子裡是帶領名詞子句，表「是否」的意思，還是帶領副詞子句，表「不論」的意思呢？
很簡單，回歸到兩個子句的本質：名詞子句當名詞用（如上面例句是當tell me的受詞), 而副詞子句當副詞用，可以放在句首，寫完直接逗點再接主要句子（如本文上面E.g.1例句）．能養成這種文法分析的習慣的話，以後寫選擇題或是在閱讀上就能更精準答題跟理解囉～
|
表達讓步的副詞子句#4 no matter + 疑問詞 ＝疑問詞+ever 「不論」
E.g.1: No matter who (=Whoever) you talk to, be sure to be sincere.
「不論你跟誰講話，都要真誠．」
|
提醒：whoever (+ S) + V也有可能是形容詞子句裡複合關係代名詞的用法唷(詳見G14-07 形容詞子句進階篇(IV): 複合關係代名詞 whoever, what, whatever等)，意思是「任何人」．複習一下該文章裡的例句：
A truly successful man shares what he has with whoever works for him.
= A truly successful man shares what he has with anyone (who/that works for him).
「真正成功的人會跟任何為他工作的人分享他有的東西。」
那你會問：我怎麼知道這個whoever出現在句子裡是一種形容詞子句用法，表「任何...的人」的意思，還是帶領副詞子句，表「不論任何...的人」的意思呢？
簡單說，如果whoever=anyone who/that，那就是形容詞子句相關用法．如果whoever=no matter who，那就是副詞子句用法．再拿上面的例句來試一下～
E.g.1: A truly successful man shares what he has with whoever works for him. 「真正成功的人會跟任何為他工作的人分享他有的東西。」
= A truly successful man shares what he has with anyone who works for him. (O)
(with介係詞後面接一個名詞anyone, 後面的who works for him是形容詞子句修飾之，很合理的文法結構. ）
* A truly successful man shares what he has with no matter who works for him. (X)
(with介係詞後面應該接名詞單字或片語，但no matter who如本文所說，是一種從屬連接詞用法，後面接的是副詞性質的子句，非名詞屬性，故不合理）
結論：這邊的whoever是形容詞子句相關用法，理解為「任何...的人」
E.g.2: Whoever you talk to, be sure to be sincere. 「不論你跟誰講話，都要真誠．」
* Anyone who you talk to, be sure to be sincere. (X)
（Anyone who you talk to是個名詞anyone, 後面接一個形容詞子句who you talk to修飾之，整個就是個名詞片語，寫完可以直接逗點接另外一個句子？這不是文法正確的結構，不合理)
= No matter who you talk to, be sure to be sincere. (O)
(No matter who帶領一個副詞子句，寫完後直接逗點，接主要句子．完全是文法正確的副詞子句用法，合理. ）
結論：此句的whoever是種副詞子句用法，理解為「不論任何...的人」
|
E.g.2: No matter whom (=Whomever) you work with, you should be nice and helpful.
「你不管和誰合作，都應該人好並儘量幫忙。」
提醒：whomever也有可能是形容詞子句用法裡的複合關係代名詞，可換成anyone whom..．
要如何判斷whomever是帶領一個形容詞子句或是副詞子句呢～判讀方法和上述whoever的方式一樣唷～
E.g.3: No matter what (= Whatever) you do, do your best.
「不論你做什麼，都要盡全力．」
|
提醒：whatever + S + V也有可能是形容詞子句裡複合關係代名詞的用法唷(詳見G14-07 形容詞子句進階篇(IV): 複合關係代名詞 whoever, what, whatever等)，意思是「任何某物」，該篇文章的例句如下：
You have to do whatever you can to help him.
=You have to do anything ((that) you can to help him).
「你必須做任何你可以做到的事情去幫助他．」
那你會問：我怎麼知道這個whatever出現在句子裡是一種形容詞子句用法，表「任何某物」的意思，還是帶領副詞子句，表「不論什麼」的意思呢？
和whoever的判斷方式一樣，如果whatever=anything (that)，那就是用形容詞子句的相關用法．如果whatever＝no matter what，那就是副詞子句用法囉．一樣用上面的例句來推敲一下
E.g.1: You have to do whatever you can to help him. 「你必須做任何你可以做到的事情去幫助他．」
= You have to do anything that you can to help him. (O)
(anything此名詞後面接一個形容詞子句that you do, 整個構成一個名詞性質的片語，作為do此動詞的受詞，合理的結構．)
* You have to do no matter what you can to help him. (X)
(no matter what you can是個no matter what帶領的副詞子句，無法當名詞用，當do的受詞唷，不合理）
結論：這邊的whatever= anything that, 是種形容詞子句相關用法，理解為「任何某物」
E.g.2: Whatever you do, do your best. 「不論你做什麼，都要盡全力．」
* Anything that you do, do your best. (X)
(anything此名詞後面接一個形容詞子句that you do, 整個構成一個名詞性質的片語，寫完可以直接逗點，接另外一個獨立句子？顯然不合理．）
＝No matter what you do, do your best. (O)
(no matter what後面接一個副詞子句，寫完後直接逗點，接著主要句子，很合理唷．）
結論：這邊的whatever=no matter what, 是種副詞子句用法，理解為「不論什麼....」
|
E.g.4: No matter how (=However) smart you are, you cannot look down on others.
「不論你多聰明，都不可以看輕別人．」
|
提醒：however這個字也有可以單純當副詞用，表達「然而」的意思唷．如以下例句
She is smart; however, she likes to look down on others, so no one likes her.
「她很聰明，然而她喜歡看輕別人，所以沒人喜歡她．」
這邊的however用法比較好區別．如果表達「不論多...」後面可是要S + V，接一個副詞子句呢．如果表「然而」，後面是直接逗點，就開始另外一個新句子了．
|
E.g.5: No matter where (=Wherever) you go in Switzerland, you can always see beautiful scenery.
「在瑞士，不論你去哪裡，都可看到美麗的風景。」
E.g.6: No matter when (=Whenever) you leave the room, remember to turn off the light.
「不論你何時離開房間，都要記得關燈．」
E.g.7: It will be a difficult operation, no matter which (=whichever) method you choose.
「不論你選哪種方法，這會是場艱難的手術．」
|
提醒：whichever (+N) + S + V也有可能是形容詞子句裡複合關係代名詞的用法唷(詳見G14-07 形容詞子句進階篇(IV): 複合關係代名詞 whoever, what, whatever等)，意思是「任何某物」．複習一下該文章裡面的例句：
E.g.: There are seven houses for sale. You can buy whichever you like.
＝There are seven houses for sale. You can buy any one (（which/that） you like).
「有七間房子代售。你可以買任何一個你喜歡的。」
E.g.: Some customers tend to pick up whichever product is the cheapest.
= Some customers tend to pick up any product (which/that is the cheapest).
「有些顧客傾向於挑選任何最便宜的商品。」
那要如何知道whichever (+N) (+S) + V出現在句子裡是一種形容詞子句用法，表「任何某物」的意思，還是帶領副詞子句，表「不論什麼(物）」的意思呢？
一樣道理，如裹whichever= any (+N) which/that，那就是形容詞子句相關用法．如果whichever= no matter which，那就是副詞子句用法．
E.g.1: There are seven houses for sale. You can buy whichever you like. 「有七間房子代售。你可以買任何一個你喜歡的。」
＝There are seven houses for sale. You can buy any one (（which/that） you like). （O)
（any one=any house(s) 此名詞片語，後面接一個形容詞子句(which/that) you like修飾之．整個名詞屬性的片語當動詞buy的受詞，很合理）
* There are seven houses for sale. You can buy no matter which you like. (X)
(no matter which是接一個副詞子句，無法當名詞用，做動詞buy的受詞，故不合理）
結論：這邊的whichever=any one (which/that)，是種形容詞子句用法，理解為「任何某物」
E.g.2: Some customers tend to pick up whichever product is the cheapest. 「有些顧客傾向於挑選任何最便宜的商品。」
= Some customers tend to pick up any product (which/that is the cheapest). (O)
(whichever product= any product which/that...，也就是名詞片語any product後面接一個形容詞子句which/that is the cheapest修飾之，整個當動詞pick up的受詞，很合理）
＊Some customers tend to pick up no matter which product is the cheapest. (X)
(no matter which是接一個副詞子句，無法當名詞用，當動詞pick up的受詞，不合理）
結論：這邊的whichever product=any product (which/that)，是種形容詞子句用法，理解為「任何某物」
E.g.3: It will be a difficult operation, whichever method you choose. 「不論你選哪種方法，這會是場艱難的手術．」
* It will be a difficult operation, any method ((which/that) you choose). （X)
(主要句子寫完後，直接逗點後面有個名詞any method+形容詞子句(which/that) you choose修飾之．一個英文句子寫完後，可以逗點後面只接一個名詞片語？不合理的結構）
＝It will be a difficult operation, no matter which method you choose. (O)
(主要句子寫完後，後面接no matter which開頭的副詞子句，很合理唷）
結論：這邊的whichever method = no matter which method，是種副詞子句用法，理解為「不論什麼（物）」
|
表對比的副詞子句
表對比的副詞子句#1 while 「而...」、「當...」(但不是表時間，是表對比唷～）
E.g.1: Tom is very extrovert and confident （,) while Katty’s shy and quiet.
「Tom很外向，又有自信，而Katty害羞且安靜．」
E.g.2: While social media is a great way to socialize with friends and family, it can also be a hotbed of cyberbullying. (台大110年英文B)
「當社群媒體是和親朋好友互動的好方式，它也是網路霸凌的溫床．」
|
提醒：while這個從屬連接詞也可以表時間唷，詳見G15-02【副詞子句】表達時間的副詞子句怎麼用？用法例句全解析
而下面的例句就可以看到while這兩個用法，你分辨得出來嗎？
The nurses explained that while they’re able to keep their emotions in check while working with patients, downtime often gives way to anxiety and panic attacks. (師大111年)
「護士解釋道，當他們在跟病人工作時可以控制情緒，但放鬆時常會陷入焦慮跟恐慌」．
根據語意來判斷，第一個while是表對比，而第二個while在表時間，你有發現嗎？這差別想通了，閱讀上的精準度會更高唷～
|
表對比的副詞子句#2 whereas 「而...」、「當...」
E.g.. You eat steak for lunch, whereas I have just a salad. (暨南國際大學106年外文系 國企系諮人系)
「你吃牛排當午餐，而我只吃沙拉．」
總結
好囉～表「讓步」跟表「對比」的從屬連接詞就整理到這邊囉．趕快來總結一下，希望以後你們看到這些單字時，能夠靈光乍現，意識到它們帶領出一個副詞子句．這樣的「意識感」除了能解答為何這句子寫完可以直接逗點接下一個句子，不需要對等連接詞（如and)的疑惑外，對於G16系列分詞構句的理解及活用也會有很大的幫助，拭目以待吧～
|
表讓步
-
although/ though/ even though
-
as
-
whether (...) (or not)
-
no matter + 疑問詞 = 疑問詞+ ever：
- no matter who (=whoever)
- no matter whom(=whomever)
- no matter what (=whatever)
- no matter how (=however)
- no matter where (=wherever)
- no matter when (=whenever)
- no matter which (=whichever)
|
|
表對比
-
while
-
whereas
|
細數這邊有20個單字或片語當帶領表讓步或是對比的副詞子句，而這些單字或片語要背嗎？如果能背熟，讓自己以後一眼就能看出它們接的是副詞子句最好．不背熟就至少要看熟唷～覺得看熟了，就來試試下面的題目小試身手一下吧
練習題
1. _______ many women studied art more for personal pleasure than profession, the sisters readily sold their artworks. (政大107年)
(A) Whereas (B) Whatever (C) No matter when (D) Whether
_______ what strategy is used, a business cannot prosper without a clear understanding of the
2. dynamics of politics and without the support of public opinion. (台灣科大108年)
(A) However (B) No matter (C) Although (D) In spite of
3. The electricity company sends out a repair crew immediately _______ a major problem is reported. (仿多益模擬考題）
(A) even though (B) during (C) whenever (D) whereas
4. ______ much Kelly's employer is paying her, another company has offered to double her salary as long as she accepts its job offer. (仿多益模擬考題）
(A) Whichever (B) Whatever (C) Whenever (D) However
想挑戰的人，歡迎點我作答，該表單會自動核對答案，也會提供解析說明．
如果還是有問題的話，也歡迎私訊我們的臉書粉專或IG帳號，我們會盡快回覆．祝您英文學習愉快囉 ：）
