形容詞/副詞之比較級怎麼用? 三分鐘搞懂形容詞/副詞之比較級使用法
文章編號：G23-03
G23-02 英文同等比較怎麼使用？一次學會同等比較： as…as…「A跟B一樣...」談到形容詞/副詞的兩者間同等比較
那順理成章，本篇文章就要來談兩者之間的比較級囉～簡單說就是要來學如何表達「A比B更...」。
除了學會表達這意思外，還有其他跟比較級相關的句型或片語，就用本文一次弄清楚吧！
不過，在進入比較級的句構公式之前，先來把形容詞跟副詞單字如何做出比較級跟最高級變化的規則一次搞清楚～
形容詞/副詞比較級及最高級變化之規則表格
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原級 |
比較級 「更...」 |
the 最高級 「最...」 |
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1. 單音節形容詞 + er + est 少數二音節形容詞/副詞 |
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tall (adj.) 高的 |
taller |
the tallest |
|
rich (adj.) 有錢的 |
richer |
the richest |
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strong (adj.) 強壯的 |
stronger |
the strongest |
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young (adj.) 年輕的 |
younger |
the youngest |
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hard (adj.) 難的 硬的 (adv.) 認真地 |
harder |
the hardest |
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clever (adj.) 聰明的 |
cleverer |
the cleverest |
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narrow (adj.) 窄的 |
narrower |
the narrowest |
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2. 字尾e + r + st |
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large (adj.) 大的 |
larger |
the largest |
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wise (adj.) 有智慧的 |
wiser |
the wisest |
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late (adj.) 晚的 (adv.) 晚地 |
later |
the latest (adj.) 最新地 (adv.) 最晚地 |
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3. 子音 + y → 去y + ier + iest |
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easy (adj.) 簡單的 |
easier |
the easiest |
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happy (adj.) 開心的 |
happier |
the happiest |
|
early (adj.) 早的 (adv.) 早地 |
earlier |
the earliest |
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4. 短母音 + 子音字尾 → 重複字尾 + er + est |
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big (adj.) 大的 |
bigger |
the biggest |
|
hot (adj.) 熱的 |
hotter |
the hottest |
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fat (adj.) 胖的 |
fatter |
the fattest |
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thin (adj.)瘦的 薄的 |
thinner |
the thinnest |
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5. 二音節以上 more + 原級 the most + 原級 |
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useful (adj.) 有用的 |
more useful |
the most useful |
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famous (adj.) 有名的 |
more famous |
the most famous |
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handsome (adj.) 英俊的 |
more handsome |
the most handsome |
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honest (adj.) 誠實的 |
more honest |
the most honest |
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common (adj.) 常見的 |
more common |
the most common |
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beautiful (adj.) 美麗的 |
more beautiful |
the most beautiful |
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important (adj.) 重要的 |
more important |
the most important |
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6. 不規則變化 |
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good (adj.) 好的 well (adj.) 健康的 (adv.) 好地 |
better |
the best |
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bad (adj.) 壞的 ill (adj.) 生病的 badly (adv. )壞的 |
worse |
the worst |
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many (adj.) 很多的 much (adj.) 很多的 (adv.) 很多地 |
more |
the most |
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little (adj.) 少的 幾乎沒有的 (adv.) 少地 幾乎沒有地 |
less |
the least |
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old (adj.) 老的 *請參考以下例句 |
older （指年紀或新舊） elder （指排行順序通常後面會接brother, sister, son, daughter等字） |
the oldest the eldest |
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far (adj.) 遠的 (adv. 遠地） *請參考以下例句 |
farther （指實體距離） 「更遠的/地」 further （指實體距離或抽象程度） 「更遠或更進一步的/地」 |
the farthest the furthest |
E.g.1: My elder brother is older than her eldest son. 「我哥哥比她長子老。」
E.g.2: We have walked ten kilometers farther. 「我們已經又走了十公里遠。」
They went abroad for further studies. 「他們出國進修。」
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補充說明：
E.g.: She is so/too/very pretty. 「她是如此/太/非常漂亮。」 She is so/too/very prettier. (X) She is so/too/very the prettiest. (X) |
學會形容詞/副詞單字本身如何做比較級跟最高級變化後，就可以進入本文正題，來學學英文裡比較級的句構公式囉～先來基本公式
形容詞/副詞比較級之基本公式
「A比B…」
|
A |
beV |
形容詞-er + than |
B + (beV) |
|
A |
一般V |
副詞-er + than |
B + 和前面一般V時態相呼應的助動詞 |
* much/ a lot/ far/ a little/ a bit/ even/ still 此類副詞可修飾比較級用字
* 不影響語意時，than也可能省略。
來點例句熟悉一下上述形容詞/副詞比較級的基本公式吧
(形容詞-er用法）
E.g.1: He is much older than I (am). 「他比我老得多。」
E.g.2: This pen is a little better than that one (is). 「這支筆比那隻筆好一點。」
E.g.3: Linda is three years younger than her cousin (is). 「琳達比她表（堂）兄（姊）年輕三歲。」
E.g.4: That problem was even more complicated than this one (was). 「那問題甚至比這一個要更複雜。」
E.g.5: It's hotter today. 「今天比較熱。」
(副詞-er用法）
E.g.6: He studies a lot harder than I do. 「他念得比我認真地多。」
E.g.7: She ran a bit faster than her sister did. 「她比她姊（妹）跑得快一點。」
不管是形容詞或副詞比較級，用在句子中時，也有可能出現其比較級疊字的狀況。
E.g.1: Given the growing dominance of China in the world economy, learning Chinese has become more and more important to those who work in international corporations.
「有鑑於中國在世界經濟中越來越有主導性，學中文對於那些想在國際大公司工作的人來說已經變得越來越重要。」
E.g.2: As the race progressed, she ran faster and faster, leaving her competitors far behind.「隨著比賽進展，她越跑越快，把她的競爭對手們都拋在腦後。」
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補充說明： superior, inferior, senior, junior等形容詞本身不做比較級變化。而當有比較對象時，不用than，而是用to E.g.1: He always thinks he is better than his coworkers (are). = He always thinks he is superior to his coworkers (are). 「他總是覺得他比他同事們優秀。」 E.g.2: He always thinks his coworkers are not so good as he (is). = He always thinks his coworkers are inferior to he (is). 「他總是覺得他同事們沒他好/比他差。」 E.g.3: He is three years older than I (am). = He is three years senior to me. = I am three years younger than he (is). = I am three years junior to him. 「他比我大三歲。」 「我比他小三歲。」 |
學會了形容詞/副詞的比較級基本公式後，就可以來學學補充公式或片語囉～
形容詞/副詞比較級之補充公式或片語
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「A是兩者中較…的」
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A + be + the + 比較級形容詞 + of the two (複數名詞) |
E.g.1: This building is the taller of the two (buildings).「這棟建築物是兩棟（建築物）中較高的。」
E.g.2: This smartphone is the cheaper of the two (smartphones). 「這支手機是兩個裡面較便宜的那一個。」
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「A不如B…」
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A + beV + less + 原級形容詞 + than + B = A + beV not + as/so + 原級形容詞 + as B |
E.g.: That building is less tall than this one.
= That building is not as/so tall as this one.
「那棟建築物不如這棟高。」
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「至少/不少於…」
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no less than + 數字詞 = at least + 數字詞 |
E.g.1: That lawyer earns no less than $5,000 a month.
= That lawyer earns at least $5,000 a month.
「那律師每個月至少賺5000美金。/那律師每個月賺的錢不少於5000美金。」
E.g.2: No less than (=At least) one-third of a car’s fuel consumption is spent in overcoming friction, and this friction loss has a direct impact on both fuel consumption and emissions.
(取自台大107年英文B)
「至少有三分之一的汽車燃料消耗用於克服摩擦，而這種摩擦損失對燃料消耗和排放都有直接影響。」
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「與其說是A，不如說是B」
(1) not so 原級形容詞 A + as + 原級形容詞B
= 原級形容詞B + rather than + 原級形容詞A
E.g.: 「與其說她美，不如說她迷人。」
She is not so beautiful as charming. = She is charming rather than beautiful.
(2) not so much + a/an + 單數名詞A + as + a/an + 單數名詞B
= more of a/an + 單數名詞B + than + a/an + 單數名詞A
E.g.: 「與其說他是作家，不如說他是學者。」
He is not so much a writer as a scholar.
= He is more of a scholar than a writer.
(3) not so much + 介系詞片語A + as + 介系詞片語B
= more 介系詞片語B + than + 介系詞片語A
E.g.: 「與其說成功取決於運氣，不如說在於辛勤努力。」
Success lies not so much in luck as in hard work.
= Success lies more in hard work than in luck.
補充：高中文法裡有個「the 比較級...，the 比較級...」句型，因為該句型需要一點操作說明，故先不在本文詳述，請詳見G4-013
形容詞/副詞比較級總結
形容詞/副詞比較級相關公式或片語
-
「A比B…」
|
A |
+ beV |
+ 形容詞-er + than |
+ B + (beV) |
|
A |
+ 一般V |
+ 副詞-er + than |
+ B + 和前面一般V時態相呼應的助動詞 |
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「A是兩者中較…的」
|
A + be + the + 比較級形容詞 + of the two (複數名詞) |
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「A不如B…」
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A + beV + less + 原級形容詞 + than + B = A + beV not + as/so + 原級形容詞 + as B |
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「至少/不少於…」
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no less than + 數字詞 = at least + 數字詞 |
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「與其說是A，不如說是B」
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(1) not so 原級形容詞 A + as + 原級形容詞B = 原級形容詞B + rather than + 原級形容詞A |
|
(2) not so much + a/an + 單數名詞A + as + a/an + 單數名詞B = more of + a/an + 單數名詞B + than + a/an + 單數名詞A |
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(3) not so much + 介系詞片語A + as + 介系詞片語B = more 介系詞片語B + than + 介系詞片語A |
練習題
Exercise: 請選出正確答案
1. Western Components, Inc. is ________ than Consolidated Electronics Company. (台南大學107年)
(A) as reliable (B) most reliable (C) the reliable (D) more reliable
2. Marketing costs are _______ the department predicted. (台南大學107年)
(A) higher than (B) high as (C) highest (D) highest than
3. This problem is _______ complicated than we thought. (屏東大學106年英文B)
(A) far more (B) far much (C) more little (D) more less
4. This car is _______ than that one. (淡江大學107年)
(A) more expensive (B) expensiver (C) more cheap (D) the cheapest
如果準備好了，歡迎點我作答。該表單會自動核對答案，也會提供解析說明。
如果還是有問題的話，也歡迎私訊我們的臉書粉專或IG帳號，我們會盡快回覆。祝您英文學習愉快囉 ：）