主動句跟被動句的主詞一樣? 英文老師教你face, confront,worry about, marry如何共用主詞
文章編號：G12-04
《G12-01英文被動態8大結構與主被動態轉換完全解析》談到主被動互換的基本概念，其關鍵之一就是主動句的受詞會變成被動句的主詞。
但偏偏有幾個常見的英文動詞用在主動句及被動句時，這兩種句子的主詞會是同一個，這不太合理吧？到底是怎麼回事呢？
這篇文章要來一次講清楚哪些英文動詞會用同樣主詞～
*提醒：要讀懂本文討論的概念，除了《G12-01英文被動態8大結構與主被動態轉換完全解析》外，也至少要先讀過《G0-003及物動詞與不及物動詞是什麼？完整解析及物與不及物動詞》討論及物/不及物動詞的文章才比較容易吸收唷。
共用主詞的英文動詞一、 face 「面對、 面臨」
如果今天要寫一個英文句子，表達「我們正面臨巨大的挑戰。」而且主被動結構不拘。
你覺得這英文句子應該長什麼樣子呢？以下有五種寫法，你覺得有哪些是對的？哪些是錯的呢？還是這五種寫法都可以？先動動腦想想看唷～
(A) Enormous challenges are facing us.
(B) We are facing enormous challenges.
(C) We are facing with enormous challenges.
(D) We are being faced with enormous challenges.
(E) Enormous challenges are being faced by us.
破解之道得從動詞face本身的用法說起。
face (vt) 有好幾種定義，本文僅針對它「面對、 面臨 (某問題、 挑戰等）」這定義來討論。朗文的英英定義如下：
這段英英定義就紅底畫出來的部分，可以分成兩個中文解釋：
解釋1： （人）面對、 面臨（某問題、 挑戰)
那麼「我們正面臨巨大的挑戰。」這句話的英文版本是...
|
主動句 |
(B) We are facing enormous challenges. |
|
被動句 |
(E) Enormous challenges are being faced by us. |
解釋2：（某問題、 挑戰) 使（人）要去面對、 面臨
|
主動句 |
(A) Enormous challenges are facing us. |
|
被動句 |
(D) We are being faced with enormous challenges. (注意：這邊的介係詞不是by, 是換成with唷～） |
換言之，上面那個複選題的答案為...
(A) Enormous challenges are facing us. （O)
(B) We are facing enormous challenges. (O)
(C) We are facing with enormous challenges. (X)
(D) We are being faced with enormous challenges. (O)
(E) Enormous challenges are being faced by us. (O)
其中的(B)、 (D)句子放在一起看時，可以導出一組片語：
|
人 face 問題、 挑戰 ＝人 be faced with 問題、 挑戰 注意：人 face with 問題、 挑戰 (X)! |
而(A)、 (E)句子放在一起看，也會發現當主詞一樣是事物時，也出現主動句跟被動句都可以的狀況。
共用主詞的英文動詞二、 confront 「面對、 面臨」
如果要用confront這動詞來表達「很多經濟問題是這政府正要面對的。」這句話的意思，可能有的寫法有哪些呢？以下五個寫法你覺得有哪些是對的呢？
(A) Many economic problems are confronting the government.
(B) The government is confronting many economic problems.
(C) Many economic problems are being confronted by the government.
(D) The government is being confronted with many economic problems.
(E) The government is confronting with many economic problems.
一樣要從confront這動詞的用法談起。它的核心意思也是「面對、 面臨」，用法同樣有兩種。參考朗文的英英定義來解釋一下
解釋1:（人）面對、 面臨（某問題、 挑戰)
那麼，「很多經濟問題是這政府正要面對的。」這句話處理成英文是...
|
主動句 |
(B) The government is confronting many economic problems. |
|
被動句 |
(C) Many economic problems are being confronted by the government. |
解釋2: （某問題、 挑戰) 使（人）要去面對、 面臨
那麼，「很多經濟問題是這政府正要面對的。」這句話處理成英文是...
|
主動句 |
(A) Many economic problems are confronting the government. |
|
被動句 |
(D) The government is being confronted with many economic problems. |
那麼，這題複選題的答案為
(A) Many economic problems are confronting the government. (O)
(B) The government is confronting many economic problems. (O)
(C) Many economic problems are being confronted by the government. (O)
(D) The government is being confronted with many economic problems. (O)
(E) The government is confronting with many economic problems. (X)
其中的(B)、 (D)句子放在一起看時，可以導出一組片語：
|
人 confront 問題、 挑戰 ＝人 be confronted with 問題、 挑戰 注意：人 confront with 問題、 挑戰 (X)! |
而(A)、 (C)句子放在一起看，也會發現主詞一樣是事物時，也出現主動句跟被動句都可以的狀況。
共用主詞的英文動詞三、 worry about「擔心」
如果今天要寫一個英文句子「很多科學家擔心全球暖化。」而且主被動結構不拘。你覺得這英文句子應該長什麼樣子呢？以下一樣有五種寫法，你覺得有哪些是對的？哪些是錯的呢？還是這五種寫法都可以？先動動腦想想看唷～
(A) Many scientists worry global warming.
(B) Many scientists worry about global warming.
(C) Many scientists are worried about global warming.
(D) Global warming worries many scientists.
(E) Global warming is worried about by many scientists.
同樣從英英定義下手，根據朗文的解釋，worry這個動詞意思主要有兩個解釋：
解釋1：（人）擔心（某人/事），因為是不及物，後面要加上介係詞about後才能接受詞
那麼「很多科學家擔心全球暖化。」這句話的英文版本是...
|
主動句 |
(B) Many scientists worry about global warming. |
|
被動句 |
X |
（只有少數不及物動詞+介係詞＋受詞的狀況可以主被動互換，但worry about不在此列)
詳見《G0-003及物動詞與不及物動詞是什麼？完整解析及物與不及物動詞》討論不及物動詞的部分）
解釋2: (某人/事）使（人）擔心，因為是及物，後面可以直接接人當受詞
根據此解釋，「很多科學家擔心全球暖化。」這句話的英文版本是...
|
主動句 |
(D) Global warming worries many scientists. |
|
被動句 |
(C) Many scientists are worried about global warming. (注意介係詞不是用by, 是用about唷～） |
換言之，這題複選題答案如下：
(A) Many scientists worry global warming. (X)
(B) Many scientists worry about global warming. (O)
(C) Many scientists are worried about global warming. (O)
(D) Global warming worries many scientists. (O)
(E) Global warming is worried about by many scientists. (X)
而如果仔細觀察(B)、 (C)兩個選項，會導出一組常見片語：
|
人 worry about 人/事 ＝ 人 be worried about 人/事 |
如果主詞是人時，使用worry about這動詞片語時，既可以用主動結構，也可以用被動態結構，很奇妙吧～
共用主詞的英文動詞四、 marry 「結婚」
如果今天要寫一個英文句子，表達「她女兒嫁給一個有錢人。」以下這五句有哪些句子你覺得是對的呢？複選題想想看囉～
(A) Her daughter married a rich man.
(B) Her daughter married with a rich man.
(C) Her daughter married to a rich man.
(D) Her daughter was married to a rich man.
(E) Her daughter was married with a rich man.
marry這動詞主要意思是「嫁（某人）」、「娶（某人）」、「和（某人）結婚」，這意思也是有兩種用法。根據朗文字典的解釋：
解釋1: 某人（假設是A）結婚，這時候是不及物動詞用法，例如例句3。如果要說某人A和某人B結婚, 這時候是及物動詞用法，直接接受詞「某人B」，例如例句1和2
而「她女兒嫁給一個有錢人。」這句話因為有受詞，要採及物動詞用法，所以寫出來的英文句子為...
|
主動句 |
(A) Her daughter married a rich man. |
|
被動句 |
A rich man was married to her daughter. |
解釋2：及物動詞用法，表達「(父母親) 使 (某人A) 和 (某人B)結婚」
「她女兒嫁給一個有錢人。」這句中文沒說出來是她自己還是她老公讓「她女兒嫁給一位有錢人」，屬於主詞不明的狀況，故主動句的主詞我們姑且用someone
|
主動句 |
Someone married her daughter to a rich man. |
|
被動句 |
(D) Her daughter was married to a rich man. (介係詞是to!) |
所以啦，這題複選題答案是...
(A) Her daughter married a rich man. (O)
(B) Her daughter married with a rich man. (X)
(C) Her daughter married to a rich man. (X)
(D) Her daughter was married to a rich man. (O)
(E) Her daughter was married with a rich man. (X)
正確答案(A)、 (D)放在一起看，有悟出什麼道理嗎？
|
A marry B = A be married to B |
又是一個主詞為人的時候，主動句跟被動句的寫法都可以的情況～
或許也有人會問be married to跟get married to差在哪裡？
意思差不多，只是用be動詞就是說明一個結婚中的靜態狀況，用了get就有做出「結婚」這動作之意。看你想表達哪種意思囉～
總結
本文學到的實用片語如下：
|
人 face 問題、 挑戰 ＝人 be faced with 問題、 挑戰 |
|
人 confront 問題、 挑戰 ＝人 be confronted with 問題、 挑戰 |
|
人 worry about 事 ＝ 人 be worried about 事 |
|
A marry B = A be married to B |
英文少數有些動詞或動詞片語，例如本文提到的face, confront, worry about跟marry, 因為意思同時有「某人做某動作」跟「使某人做某動作」之意
所以會出現主動句跟被動句竟然主詞一樣的狀況發生。如果之前有正確了解主被動句互換的概念，會發現這是很奇妙的地方。
而如果之前對主被動互換了解不夠，則是在看到這些動詞在使用時出現上述狀況時，感到很疑惑想不通。
不過，如果熟悉了G12-01跟本文後，相信以後使用這四個動詞時，就不會主動被動傻傻搞不清楚，反而是胸有成竹了～
你還有學過哪些英文動詞也會出現這種狀況嗎？歡迎來信分享唷：）
最後，來點課後小練習，讓自己更加嫻熟學到的本文重點吧～
共用主詞的英文動詞課後小練習
Exercises:
1.This is one of the many problems working mothers have to ______.
(A) face with (B) confront with (C) be faced by (D) face
2. Greg __________ a difficult task. He needs to finish the project in one week.
(A) is confronted by (B) is confronted with (C) confront with (D) face with
3. She has __________ this guy for three years.
(A) married to (B) been married with (C) been married to (D) got married to
4. You look pale. Are you ok? I ________ you.
(A) worry about (B) worry (C) am worried by (D) am worried
想好答案後，歡迎點我作答，該表單會自動提供答案．如果還是有疑問的話，歡迎私訊我們的臉書粉專或IG帳號，也可以email，我們會盡快回覆．
祝您英文學習愉快囉 ：）