「建議、 堅持、 要求、 命令」動詞後面省略should接原動
文章編號：G4-013
本文要介紹一款特別的句型: 如果句子的主要動詞表達「建議、 堅持、 要求、 命令」（口訣：賤賤要命XD)這類意思，且後面當受詞用的that名詞子句是要表達之後應該做的事情（表示當下還沒做），其子句內的動詞因為前面省略了一個助動詞should, 故恆為原形唷～
而此類動詞到底有哪些呢？常見有14個，直接用表格列出來就清楚囉～
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建議: suggest |
(that) + S + (should) + Vr
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堅持: insist |
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要求: demand |
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命令: order |
E.g.1:
The general commanded (that) the soldiers who disobeyed his order (should) be put to death.
「將軍下令，違抗他命令的士兵要被處死。」
說明：這邊是套用上述S + command + that 名詞子句的句型，故該子句中的動詞be put to death(被處死）要用原形動詞be, 不宜想說這句子的主要動詞是過去簡單式(commanded), 故這子句中的動詞也要改過去簡單式were.
The general commanded (that) the soldiers who disobeyed his order were put to death. (X)
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補充：動詞command的用法也可以用S + command + 人 + to Vr的結構. 故這句話其實也可以改寫成： The general commanded the soldiers who disobeyed his order to be put to death. （O) |
E.g.2: Yesterday, the teacher required (that) we (should) hand in our homework by next Monday.
「昨天，老師要求我們在下週一之前交作業。」
說明：這邊是套用上述S + require + that 名詞子句的句型，故該子句中的動詞hand in(繳交）要用原形動詞hand in, 不宜想說這句子的主要動詞是過去簡單式(required), 故這子句中的動詞也要改過去簡單式handed in，抑或是想說後面有next Monday帶有未來的意思，要改成would hand in或will hand in.
Yesterday, the teacher required (that) we handed in/ would hand in/ will hand in our homework by next Monday. (X)
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補充：動詞require的用法也可以用S + require + 人 + to Vr的結構. 故這句話其實也可以改寫成： Yesterday, the teacher required us to hand in our homework by next Monday. (O) |
E.g. 3: Even though his ankle hurt badly, the boy insisted (that) he (should) join the game.
「儘管腳踝疼得厲害，男孩仍堅持要參加比賽。」
說明：這邊是套用上述S + insist + that 名詞子句的句型，故該子句中的動詞join(參加）要用原形動詞join, 不宜想說這句子的主要動詞是過去簡單式(insisted), 故這子句中的動詞也要改過去簡單式joined。
Even though his ankle hurt badly, the boy insisted (that) he joined the game. (X)
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補充：動詞insist的用法沒有S + insist + 人 + to Vr這結構，但可以用S + insist on + Ving, 故這句話其實也可以改寫成： Even though his ankle hurt badly, the boy insisted on joining the game. (O) |
E.g.4: Experts advise (that) sunscreen (should) not be overused.
「專家建議防曬乳不應過度使用。」
說明：這邊是套用上述S + advise + that 名詞子句的句型，故該子句中的動詞not be overused (不被過度使用), 要用原形動詞not be overused, 不宜想說這句子的主要動詞是現在簡單式(advise), 那這子句中的動詞也用現在簡單式is not overused。
Experts advise (that) sunscreen is not overused. (X)
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補充：動詞advise可用advise ＋人 ＋to Vr. 的句構，但不能用advise + 物 + to Vr, 故這句話如果真要改寫，有另有兩種改法： Experts advise people not to overuse sunscreen. (O) Experts advise against overusing sunscreen. (O) |
此句型注意事項：
1. 這些動詞的名詞或形容詞也有同樣⽤法
E.g.1: He made a suggestion (=suggested) (that) we (should) finish the work as soon as possible.
「他建議我們儘快完成工作。」
E.g.2: Mike was insistent (=insisted) (that) we (should) keep his words a secret.
「麥克堅持我們要對他的話保密。」
2. 使用insist這動詞時，如果該that名詞子句不是表達之後應該做的事，只是單純表達該句話主詞所堅持的事實，就回歸到該是什麼時態就是什麼時態的動詞變化即可。
E.g.1: The boy insisted (that) the book was his.
The boy insists (that) the book is his.
「這男孩堅持這書是他的。」
E.g.2: The suspect insisted (that) he was innocent despite the evidence.
The suspect insists (that) he is innocent despite the evidence.
「儘管有證據，這嫌疑犯堅持他是無辜的。」
3. 如果suggest這動詞是表達「暗示」或「顯示」某事時，因為語意緣故，也不適用這個句型唷，故後面that名詞子句中的動詞就回歸到該是什麼時態就是什麼時態即可。
E.g.: Her refusal suggested (that) she didn’t like your friend.
Her refusal suggests (that) she doesn’t like your friend.
「她的拒絕顯示出她不喜歡你朋友。」
總結
要在選擇題或是閱讀時成功運用這句型得分或理解，關鍵就是要看熟這14個動詞，才能眼明手快地在句子中認出它們，且確定後面是接that名詞子句。接著要從上下文去確認它是要表達「建議、 堅持、 要求、 命令」後，才能篤定推斷後面的that名詞子句裡有省略should, 故使用原形動詞唷～
不知道最前面提到的口訣「建、 堅、 要、 命（賤賤要命)」有多少幫助到你熟悉這些動詞，讓你可以以後答題或閱讀時快速認出它們嗎？：）趕快再來看一次這表格吧～
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建議: suggest, advise, recommend (推薦), propose（提議） |
(that) + S + (should) + Vr |
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堅持: insist |
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要求: demand, ask, require, request, urge |
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命令: order, command, stipulate（規定), rule （規定） |
看熟了，就趕快來做題目，加深印象吧～