G4 常用句型

G4-005【英文轉折語】一次弄懂而且 另外轉折語,英文寫作更加分!

【英文轉折語】一次弄懂而且、另外轉折語,英文寫作更加分!

文章編號:G4-005

大家剛接觸英文時就會學到and「和」這個對等連接詞(何謂對等連接詞? 詳見G26系列文章)

但英文學久了,總覺得用and來連接兩個立場相同的論點句子太平凡了.為了增加句子變化,是可以把它換成一些用來表達「而且」、「此外」、 「另外」、「除此之外」這類意思轉折的副詞或副詞片語。

表格整理如下。


 

比較不正式

(less formal)

also, 

besides that, 

apart from this, (British English)

aside from this, (American English)

what’s more, 

  • besides, (後面的論點比較重要一點)
  • on top of that, (後面常會接不好的事情)

比較正式

(formal)

furthermore, 

moreover,

additionally,

in addition (to that), 

what is more, 


這類轉折語不僅可以應用在英文寫作上,豐富我們的英文句構,也是想要考好多益或英檢閱讀選擇題的關鍵之一,到底怎麼使用呢?讓我們趕快看下去吧!


放在句首時

日光英文將分別用比較不正式跟偏正式的例句內容,來說明一下這些轉折語用來連接兩句話時,放在
第二句話的時如何使用(共有三種寫法.請睜大眼睛,注意大小寫跟標點符號的使用唷~)

非正式的轉折語

比較不正式用法的例句說明: 較不正式的轉折語通常用在口語或是寫作上單字偏簡單的時候.我們來舉個例子,想像一下如果有人要口頭說明他接受某工作的原因有兩個時,就可以使用以下幾種方式...

  • 使用對等連接詞and

E.g.: I need the money(,) and doing this helps a lot of people. 

「我需要錢,而且這樣做幫助了很多人.」

  • 使用上面表格裡的副詞或副詞片語...

(1)第一句話寫完後句點.寫出這些轉折語之一(記得第一個字母要大寫),寫完後逗點,再接第二個句子. 

E.g.: I need the money
. Also/ Besides that/ Apart from this/ Aside from this/ What’s more, doing this helps a lot of people. 

(2)第一句話寫完後逗點,加上and後再寫出這些轉折語之一,寫完後逗點,再接第二句話。


E.g.: I need the money
, and also/ besides that/ apart from this/ aside from this/ what’s more, doing this helps a lot of people. 

(3)第一句話寫完上分號(;),寫出這些轉折語之一,寫完後逗點,再接第二句話.(分號 「;」 =「 , and」)


E.g.: I need the money
; also/ besides that/ apart from this/ aside from this/ what’s more, doing this helps a lot of people.

  • 使用besides時,第二句話的論點會比第一句話的論點更重要一點.


E.g.:


I need the money
. Besides, doing this helps a lot of people. 

= I need the money
, and besides, doing this helps a lot of people. 

= I need the money
; besides, doing this helps a lot of people. 

聽起來這個人會接受這工作的主要原因是因為可以幫助到人,而賺到錢是比較次要的原因。



以下劍橋字典的例句應該更能生動點出besides的言外之意


E.g.: “I’m much too old for you,” he said, “and besides, I’m married.”


「我對你而言太老了」他說,「再說,我結婚了.」


這句話聽起來是一位男士在拒絕一位女士的追求,字面上提出兩個理由沒錯,但言外之意是說「我太老了,不適合妳,即便我沒那麼老,但我結婚了這事實還是得讓我對你say no,因為這原因更重要~」


 

  • 使用on top of that時, 後面常會接不好的訊息,但不排除也可以和上面的轉折語互通.
E.g.: He lost his job. On top of that, his wife left him. 
     = He lost his job; on top of that, his wife left him. 
     = He lost his job, and on top of that, his wife left him. 
     = His wife left him on top of that he lost his job. 

      「他丟了工作,此外,他老婆離開他了


  • 提醒一:besides, apart from, aside from這些單字或片語後面還可以直接接名詞,這種用法詳見《G4-006【英文轉折語】besides, except, apart from, aside from有什麼不一樣?
  • 提醒二:plus也能表達「而且」、「此外」之意,是非常口語的用法,而且標點符號使用也跟上面三種方式不太一樣.E.g.: He is really cute, plus he's got a good job. / He is really cute. Plus he's got a good job. 


較正式的轉折語

通常用在寫作時單字程度偏高的時候.舉個例子,如果要寫一篇英文作文談到學英文的兩個好處時...

  • 使用and

E.g.: Proficiency in English can significantly boost one’s job opportunities, and sufficient knowledge of English equips one with the tools to travel and communicate effectively. 

「英文流利可以大幅擴展一個人的工作機會,而且英文能力夠讓人具備有外出旅行時進行有效溝通的能力.」

  • 使用上面表格裡的副詞或副詞片語

(1)第一句話寫完句點.寫出這些轉折語之一(記得第一個字母要大寫),寫完後逗點,再接第二個句子. 

E.g.: Proficiency in English can significantly boost one’s job opportunities
. Furthermore/ Moreover/ Additionally/ In addition (to that)/ What is more, sufficient knowledge of English equips one with the tools to travel and communicate effectively. 

(2) 第一句話寫完逗點,加上and後再寫出這些轉折語之一,寫完後逗點,再接第二句話.


E.g.: Proficiency in English can significantly boost one’s job opportunities
and furthermore/ moreover/ additionally/ in addition (to that)/ what is more, sufficient knowledge of English equips one with the tools to travel and communicate effectively. 

(3)前一句話寫完分號(;),寫出這些轉折語之一,寫完後逗點,再接第二句話.(分號 「;」 =「 , and」)


E.g.: Proficiency in English can significantly boost one’s job opportunities
 furthermore/ moreover/ additionally/ in addition (to that)/ what is more, sufficient knowledge of English equips one with the tools to travel and communicate effectively. 

提醒:其中in addition to可以直接接名詞,這種用法詳見G4-006【英文轉折語】besides, except, apart from, aside from有什麼不一樣?文章

補充閱讀: 另外 / 除此之外/ 此外」的英文是?furthermore? in addition? – 英文庫


放在句中時
這些副詞或副詞片語當轉折語用時,是用來連接兩個英文句子,而除了放在第二個英文句子的句首外,也有可能放在第二個英文句子的句中.而以下例句多僅列出它們在一個句子的句中樣貌.
E.g.: I need the money, and doing so also helps a lot of people. 
    = I need the money. Doing so also helps a lot of people. 
E.g.: Politically,  moreover, he faces a split in his party. 「而且政治上來說,他面臨黨內分裂的狀況.」
E.g.: The monarch is, furthermore, more than merely a part of Parliament under the constitution of the United Kingdom. 「而且君王在英國憲法制度下不只是議會的一部分而已.」

 

總結


以上把表達「而且」、「此外」、 「另外」、「除此之外」這類意思轉折的副詞或副詞片語做了很詳盡的說明,不但討論了放在句首跟句中時的使用,也點出了正式度差別、放在句首時三種牽涉到大小寫及標點符號的寫法,還有besides及on top of that傳達的細膩意思差異。最後,用一個簡表總結一下這12個表達和and同樣意思的轉折語.看看自己能不能一口氣都默背出來唷~能默背出來才能印象深刻


 

比較不正式的轉折語 (7個)

also, 

besides that, 

apart from this, 

aside from this,

what’s more,

  • besides,
  • on top of that,

比較正式的轉折語 (5個)

furthermore, 

moreover, 

additionally, 

in addition (to that), 

what is more, 


轉折語課後小練習

Exercises: 請用上述的轉折語連接每題中的兩個句子.書寫時請注意標點符號及大小寫.

1. Social media helps people keep in touch with their old friends. This new form of communication allows people to connect with others all over the world who have similar interests. 


2. Exercise is good for our physical health. Our mental health can be improved because endorphins increase after exercise. 


3. The dust from Taipei 101’s fireworks contains toxins that can harm our lungs. The carbon dioxide released by the burning of fireworks causes the greenhouse effect. 


如果準備好了,請點我作答,我們會盡快批改你的句子,也會附上製作精美的pdf解析檔唷.趕快行動吧~