V31-06 字首de, di(s)：away, off/  not 英文單字有多少？

文章編號：V31-06

V31-05V31-05 字首de：down/ completely 英文單字有多少？提到de這字首有down「向下」跟completely「全然地」兩個意思，此篇文章是要來整理字首de跟di(s)，都有away, off「分離」或not 「沒有」之意～（換言之：de字首可以有四個意思推敲唷。）

de, di(s)字首開頭的字有很多，日光英文僅挑出其字首字根能很直白推敲出其單字意思的英文單字。並先用個簡表整理出本文要談的單字，並按照(一) (二) (三) (四) 的順序解釋起，這樣等一下閱讀時就比較有頭緒囉。

一、字首de: away, off 「脫離」

de (away, off)  + capit (頭）「頭脫離了」是什麼意思呢？就是「砍頭、 斬首」之意，衍生出來的名詞為decapitation。

E.g.1: The executioner's blade was sharp enough to swiftly decapitate the prisoner with a single stroke.

「此劊子手的刀夠鋒利，可以大刀一揮就俐落地將這囚犯的頭砍下。」

E.g.2: The gruesome scene of decapitation sent shivers down the spines of all who witnessed it.

「這斬首可怕的畫面讓目擊者都不寒而慄。」

 

de (away, off) + lug (wash)，「沖洗掉」是什麼意思呢？動詞就是「淹大水」之意，可以引申為一次給某人很多問題或信件，彷彿要把他/她淹沒之意。名詞即為「大洪水」，引申為「大量問題或信件」之意。

E.g.1: The sudden rainstorm threatened to deluge the streets, causing chaos in the city.

「突然的暴雨很有可能會淹沒街道，製造城市混亂。」

E.g.2: The politician received a deluge of inquiries following her controversial statement.

「這政治人物說出備受爭議的話後，收到排山倒海而來的關心詢問。」
 

de (away, off) + port (carry)，「帶走」這意象代表什麼呢？想像一個人非法居留在某個國家，被該國家執法人員「帶走」，意思就是「遣返」囉。名詞為deportation。

E.g.1: The government decided to deport the undocumented immigrants who had overstayed their visas.

「政府已決定要遣返這些簽證過期的非法移民。」

E.g.2: The deportation of several immigrants sparked a heated debate about immigration policies in the country.

「幾位移民的遣返已經引發該國移民政策的激烈討論。」

 

二、字首di(s): away, off 「脫離」

dis (away, off) + pel (push), 「推走、 推散」是什麼意思呢？想像本來腦中有些想法或感覺，而自己大手一揮，就把這些想法或感覺揮走了。

E.g.: The scientist conducted experiments to dispel the myth that bats are blind.

「這科學家做實驗，破解了蝙蝠眼盲的迷思。」
 

dis (away, off) + rupt (break), 「斷裂」的意思是？想像一件事情在進行時，有人搗亂，使其過程斷裂。故此動詞中文意思取「打斷（某事)」，名詞為disruption, 形容詞為disruptive。

E.g.1: The construction work in the neighborhood disrupted the usual traffic flow.

「附近的興建工程擾亂了平常的交通流量。」


E.g.2: The unexpected power outage caused a significant disruption to the city's transportation system.

「突然其來的停電導致此城市的交通系統大亂。」


E.g.3: The student's disruptive behavior in class made it difficult for others to focus on their studies.

「這學生上課的干擾行為讓其他人學習很難專心。」
 

dis (away, off) + tract (draw, pull 拉), 「拉走」是什麼意思？想像一個人的心思被拉走，就是使這個人分心囉～名詞為distraction. 形容詞有兩個：distracting (adj.) 令人分心的，常用來修飾事物; distracted (adj.) 分心的，用來修飾人 （這兩種形容詞的差異，可視為情緒動詞的衍生概念。有興趣深究的夥伴們可以詳見G21-05情緒動詞介紹與實際案例全解析 - 正面或中性情緒動詞分享/ G21-06情緒動詞介紹與實際案例全解析 - 反面情緒動詞分享)
 

E.g.1: The loud noises from the street distracted me while I was trying to read my book.

「當我試圖要讀書時，街上的吵鬧聲使我分心了。」


E.g.2: The constant notifications on his phone proved to be a major distraction during his work hours.

「他手機裡持續的通知訊息證明是他工作時間主要令他分心的事物。」



E.g.3: She found the noisy surroundings distracting, but despite the distractions, she remained focused and undistracted on her task at hand.

「她發現這吵嘈的環境令人分心，但儘管有這些令人分心的事物，她保持專注不分心地處理她手上的事情。」
 

三、字首de: not 「沒有」

de (not) + hydr (water), 「沒有水」的意思是？想像一個人的身體水分慢慢流失，意即「脫水」。名詞dehydration(n)，形容詞dehydrated (adj.)

E.g.1: The hot weather and lack of water caused him to dehydrate during the outdoor hike.

「天氣熱，又缺水，讓他外出健行時脫水。」


E.g.2: After hours of intense exercise in the sun, he began to feel the effects of dehydration and realized he was becoming dehydrated.

「艷陽下激烈運動數小時後，他開始感覺到脫水的影響，意識到自己在正脫水。」
 

de (not) + form (form), 「沒有形」的意思就是讓一個東西或此東西本身失去它原本的形狀。名詞為deformation。

E.g.1: The extreme pressure and heat caused the plastic to deform, and altered its original shape.

「極端壓力與溫度導致這塑膠變形，改變了它原本的形狀。」


E.g.2: The metal underwent significant deformation after being subjected to intense pressure during the manufacturing process.

「這金屬在製作過程中承受極端高壓後，經歷了巨大變形。」
 

四、字首di(s): not 「沒有」

dis (not) + close (close 關起來), 「不關起來」的意思是將一個東西公開囉？故此動詞意思為「揭露」。名詞為disclosure。

E.g.1: The company decided to disclose its financial records to the public to promote transparency and accountability.

「此公司決定揭露它的財務紀錄給大眾知道，以提升透明度及可問責度。」

E.g.2: The government's disclosure of classified documents shed light on previously unknown aspects of the historical event.

「政府對於機密文件的揭露讓此歷史事件之前不為人知的一面重見天日。 」
 

dis (not) + cover (cover 覆蓋), 「不覆蓋」的意思是將一個東西從土裡深處挖出來，發現它的意思囉？故此動詞意思為「發現」。名詞為discovery。


E.g.1: During the archaeological dig, researchers were thrilled to discover ancient artifacts buried beneath the ground.

「考古挖掘時，研究人員很興奮地發現埋在地下的古老器具。」


E.g.2: The scientist's groundbreaking discovery revolutionized our understanding of genetics.

「此科學家突破性的發現大幅變革了我們對於基因學的了解。」
 

dis (not) + suade (persuade 說服), 「說服不要」，意思就是說服一個人不要做某事，也就是「勸阻」之意。名詞為dissuasion. 


E.g.1: Despite his friends' attempts to dissuade him, he was determined to pursue his dream of starting his own business.

「儘管他朋友們試圖要勸阻他，他下定決心去追尋自己創業的夢想。」


E.g.2: Despite the persistent dissuasion from her family, she remained resolute in her decision to travel solo around the world.

「儘管她家人一再勸阻，她還是心意堅定，要一人環遊世界。」

 

字首de, di(s)總結

de, di(s)這字首開頭的字有很多，日光英文僅就其兩個涵義分成四群，共11組單字。如果再考慮到詞類變化進去，就涵蓋了24個單字了。希望這樣透過字首字根學單字的方式可以幫助大家在學習這些單字時更有效率，比較不容易忘記～

本文提到的單字整理如下：
 

一 + 二、字首de/ di(s): away, off

三 + 四、字首de/ di(s): not

字首de/ di(s)練習題
Exercises: 請選出正確答案

1. Her reassuring words _______ any fears the child had about the dark shadows lurking in the room.

(A) discovered     (B) decapitated     (C) dissuaded  (D) dispelled

2. The warning signs along the cliff were meant to _________ hikers from venturing too close to the edge.

(A) disclose    (B) dissuade    (C) dehydrate    (D) deform

3. After the foreign national was found guilty of multiple crimes, the government decided to _______ him back to his home country.

(A) deport   (B) disrupt    (C) deluge     (D) disclose

4. The unexpected power outage _________ the entire schedule of the conference, causing delays and confusion among the attendees.

(A) dispelled    (B) deformed    (C) disclosed    (D) disrupted

如果準備好了，歡迎點我作答。該表單會自動核對答案，也會提供解析說明。如果還是有問題的話，也歡迎私訊我們的臉書粉專或IG帳號，我們會盡快回覆。祝您英文學習愉快囉 ：）